Initially, slavery had started when there were the 'Kabaili' societies all over the world and they used to attack on each other to get the belongings of others. From that time, the practice of making the prisoners of wars their slaves who had lost the fight had started. The 1400 years ago in Arabia, it was as much prevalent as interest or banking system is there in our today's society. Whites and Blacks all were slaves. Islam abolished the slavery step by step. If it had not been done this way gradually, the whole Arabian society would have been collapsed. Islam declared that Muslims would not make slaves during wars and would deal with the slaves who were already there in the society.
Just think that if banking system is demolished over a night, what would happen to the economy of the world. Just imagine, a government today prohibits the working of unskilled service class or labors class in unorganized sector at once, what would happen to the millions of people working all over the world. The people who are made unemployed by this decision, they may start stealing, begging, committing crimes for bread and the women may go for selling their bodies.
At that time, slaves were unskilled and poor. Many of them were of old age and disabled body. If the slavery was abolished at once and slaves were thrown out of their houses at once by their masters, they would be struggling to get work or money. They did not have shelter, food, clothes and skills. That was not the time when they had Governments like us or Rulers to look after them or downtrodden. That is why it was abolished step by step.
In the Quranic Surah revealed at Mecca the process to abolish Slavery was started. The step wise actions were as:-
1. The first step was taken when it was said to release the neck of the slaves means to get them free from their masters to earn rewards for hereafter. At this time, Muslims were weak.
2. The second step was taken to give equal treatment to the slaves. It was ordered to give them the same food to eat , drink and clothes to wear which Muslim used to chose for themselves. It was done so that the people might release them as soon as they found it difficult to treat them in this way.
3. When ever a Muslim committed a sin, Prophet started asking them to get a slave released in compensation.
4. Then it was ordered to marry slave man and slave woman with each other if they like.
5. In the next step, Muslim were encouraged to marry slaves and give them Mehar money as a free Muslim girl gets.
6. A provision or head in the Zakat was made so that from that money slaves could be freed.
7. Zina or adultery was made prohibited for them. At that time, slave girls were used as prostitutes and they were also used as sex object by their masters.
8. Then the psychology of the masses was tried to be changed by changing the names or terminology used for the slaves as Fath and Fataah (Boy and Girl) instead of Abd and Anaa (Gulam and Laundi).
9. Since the slaves were made after wars, when the first war was imposed on Muslim in Badar, it was ordered that the prisoners of war would not be killed or made slaves but instead would be released against a compensation or a favor. Since there were no jails, prisons or rulers at that time, the prisoners were used to be either made slaves or killed.
The order was issued that the enemies caught in the war would now be considered prisoners of war and not the slaves. In this way, the slavery was abolished from its root where it was born. Since at that time, there was no provision for jail, the enemies were caught and made to live with all the others. There was two condition to free them. One was to free them against the monetary compensation and the second was for a favor such as educating the people.
10. Then it was instructed to give them freedom whom can afford or earn it. It was because they were not capable enough to stand on their feet all alone. Slaves were given the chance to guarantee that he would pay some amount to his master so that he may be freed after 6 month or 1 year what ever the period they decide. At that time, earnings of a slave was kept by his master. It was made such so that they would not be a burden over the society or the system because there was no such government systems as we have today to look after the unemployed, unskilled or disabled. There was no government or ruler system at that time but 'Kabaaili' system. There were no homes for them, if they were thrown out.
They might face a lot of difficulties in getting work as most of the people other than the slaves were poor and themselves were laborer. People used to do their labor work themselves instead of keeping servants.
It was done in this way so that it may be known that who are able to stand on their own feet. Apart from Muslims, slavery was still prevalent everywhere, if they were to be freed overnight, they were not going to get any work from the society due to their freedom. When a slave, named Wahashi, who killed Hazrat Hamza, got freedom due to this assassination, he was free but still he faced boycott from other Mecca people and got insulted by them as well because they did not want a freed slaves to be among them as normal people.
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The terminology used in the Quran as 'Whom Your Right Hand Posses' was basically for the slave girls living with the people or in their houses. Since at that time, slavery was not abolished, this term was used for them in the Quran for the time being till the time slavery was abolished. At that time, slaves were used for sex very commonly and almost all the households had slaves. That is why Quran did not abolish the slavery initially or at ones but gradually as it was the need of the time so that the system did not get collapsed and thousands of slaves were not thrown out of the houses and work.
Since they were being used for sex as well, Quran did not prohibit people from doing it initially but indirectly gave the status equivalent to wives by not separating them from the Masters and by asking people to treat them with maximum compassion as they liked for themselves. Since after accepting Islam already married couple were not needed to marry again, similarly, these slave girls who were being used for sex and also as domestic help, they were given the equal rights and remained living in their present houses but with all the human rights and dignity.
After a while, Quran asked people not to have sex with their slaves and asked then to marry them, if one liked to do so. Since after a while, the marriage was made compulsory to be undergone for two Muslims, similarly, marriage with slaves was also made compulsory to be done. In this way, the slaves were guarded against molestation and given the equal treatment.
Still, the slaves were there in the Muslim kingdoms like Mugal etc. It was because they were not Islamic ruler but Muslim. In their rule, the emperors were chosen by public. In spite of being Muslims, there was alcoholism, adultery and wars in their times. No Mughal king performed Hajj.
ख़लीफ़ा हारून रशीद का एक कनीज़ पर दिल आ गया. कनीज़ ने बताया कि मैं तुम्हारे बाप की हमबिस्तर रह चुकी हूँ. ख़लीफ़ा ने इमाम अबु यूसुफ़ से फ़त्वा लिया,इमाम अबु यूसुफ़ ने ख़लीफ़ा को अपने बाप की कनीज़ से हमबिस्तरी करने की इजाज़त दे दी (तारीख़े ख़ुलफ़ा पेज363)
-------------------------------------------------------------
गुलाम, बाँदी,
कनीज
आज
के दौर में गुलाम, बंधुवा मजदूर के रूप में होते हैं। आज भी लोगों की खरीद-फरोख्त
होती है। भारत में भी होती है।
अगर
कही बेचारे लोग इस तरह बिक रहे हैं है तो दो हल हैं। पहला है की उसे बिकने देने से
रोक दे अगर आप वाकई रोक सकते हैं तो और दुसरा है की उसे उसे खरीद कर आज़ाद कर दे
अगर आप रोक नहीं सकते हैं तो। आप उन्हें खुद अपने काम पर भी रख सकते हैं मगर मगर सारे
मानवीय अधिकार देने होंगे और उसकी मर्जी वो जब तक चाहे आपके पास काम करे। यह भी
आजाद करना ही है।
कुरान की एक आयात दूसरी आयत की
तशरीह करती है। एक जगह तफ़सील होती और दूसरी जगह मुखतसर बयान होती है।
23.5-6: जो कब्जे में है
उनसे कोई हर्ज नहीं।
(यंहा लफ़्ज़ 'ओ' है, यानि 'या'। इसका मतलब 'और' नहीं है। यानि या तो बीवी या बाँदी से सोहबत जायज़ है।)
[ये मक्की सूरत है - यंहा
हुकूम मुखतसर अल्फ़ाज़ में है]
सूरह 17
में भी ऐसी आयात है।
[ये भी मक्की सूरत है -
यंहा हुकूम मुखतसर अल्फ़ाज़ में है]
इनसे मतलब यही समझा गया उस वक्त की
जिनके निकाह हो चुके हैं,
वो बाँदी नहीं रख सकते है। मगर जिनके निकाह नहीं हुए है वो बाँदी
नहीं रख सकते थे।
इन दोनों सूरत से लोग मायने निकाल
सकते थे कि...
33-50: बीवी और बाँदी को
हलाल किया, चाचा जात बहने, रिश्ते.. ।
(निकाह के बाद ही हलाल होगी न? मतलब निकाह शर्त थी। बीवी तो
चलो वैसे ही जायज है। आगे लिखा है कि जो हिबा करे यानि जो ऑफर करे बिना महर के। तो
हिबा में भी तो निकाह होगा))
(यंहा लफ़्ज़ 'व' हैं यानि 'और'। ये सिर्फ नबी के लिए है।)
4.25: आज़ाद ईमान वाली से न
कर सको तो बाँदी से करो। उनसे निकाह करना, मेहर देना
(हालांकि इसे पसंद नहीं
किया क्योंकि दोनों मे फरक है, नस्ल की बुनियाद पर नहीं कहा।
निकाह के बाद आज़ाद हो गई।)
[ये मदनी सूरत है - यंहा
हुकूम तफ़सील में है]]
जैसे कुरान में शराब ओर कहा गया की
इसमें नफा भी और नुकसान भी मगर नुकसान ज्यादा हैं (काफी ने छोड़ दी थी)। फिर कहा गया नशे में नमाज़ के करीब नहीं जाना
(ज्यादातर ने छोड़ दी)। फिर आखिरी हुकूम आया की शराब शैतानी नापाकी है। (सबने छोड़
दी)।
[यंहा हराम लफ़्ज़ नहीं आया।
क्या पहले हलाल थी? पिछली
शरीयतों में भी मना थी। इस शरीयत में भी गलत पहले से ही थी मगर उससे हल्के हल्के
रोका। शूरवात में हल्के अल्फ़ाज़ में रोका फिर भारी अल्फ़ाज़ में। एकदम से इसलिए नहीं
रोका क्योंकि बहुत आम थी, लोगों को लत थी, छोड़ना आसान नहीं था, एकदम से रोकते तो लोग हुकूम
नहीं मानते। मतलब रसूल ने शूरवात में दखल नहीं दिया और लोगों को करने दिया, मगर बाद में बिलकुल रोक दिया। मना पहले भी थी मगर आखिरी हुकूम नहीं आया था
इसलिए जो पी रहे थे उनकी पकड़ नहीं होगी।]
इसी तरह बाँदी से सोहबत शूरवात से
जायज नहीं थी। मगर शूरवात में न दखल दिया गया और न ही रोका गया। एकदम से नहीं रोका
गया बल्कि होने दिया गया।
उस वक्त जंग में जीत के बाद फौज
रिहाइश इलाकों में,
जगह, जगह, घरों में से
भी औरतें उठा कर ले आते थे और उनके साथ बदूसुलुकी करते थे। आज भी ऐसा होता है। उस
वक्त मुसलमान भी जीत के बाद मैदाने जंग में लड़ रही, दुशमन
मर्द औरतें को पकड़ लेते थे। इस्लाम आन्सर जंग मे पकड़े गए केदियों को मारना मना था
और इसलिए उन्हे घरों में कैद दे देते थे यानि पकड़ कर घरों में बाँट दिया जाता था
क्योंकि जैल नहीं होती थी। जंगी कैदी के साथ इस्लाम ने ये सुलुक सिखाया था। ये
कैदी मर्द ही ज्यादा होते थे। इनसे खिदमत करवाई जा सकती थी मगर उनके साथ ज्यादती
मना थी, उन्हे पूरे हुकूक देने होते थे, ताकत से ज्यादा काम लेना मना था, खाना, पहनना, रहना अपने जैसे देना होता था ताकि वो ईमान
वालों से अखलाकियात सीख सकें और मुसलमानों का हुसने सुलुक देख सके। क्योंकि इनकी तर्बियत सही
नहीं थी इसलिए अगर किसी बाँदी से फ़ुहाशी करने की गलती हो जाए तो कुरान ने उसकी सजा
भी एक आम औरत से आधी रखी गई। यूँही या गलतियों या गुनाहों के बदले इन्हें आजाद
करने का हुकूम दिया गया। ये पसंदीदा नहीं था कि इनके साथ आजाद लोग निकाह करे। मगर
आज्ञा दी तब जब आजाद से न कर पाओ और उसके कारण बताए जैसे सब्र करना मगर गुनाह में
पड़ने का खतरा हो या मेहर ज़्यादा मांगा जा रहा हो कर लेना। ये कोई नसली कारण नहीं था।
बाँदियों को गुलामों के लिए छोड़ दो क्योंकि गुलाम, बाँदियों
से ज़्याद तादात में होते थे। आज़ाद औरते कैसे गुलामों से शादी करती, उनके घरों में कैसे बसर करती, अखलकियात खराब हो सकती
थी, उनकी तर्बियत नहीं कर सकती थी।
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